diary F cijkl = Picture dos + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )

_ijkl and y_ijkl equal 0. x_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and y_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), x_ijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, y_ijkl equals 1 if k < l>

Second, i level ining how the likelihood of hukou intermarriage change which have for each and every partner’s training (Gullickson and you may Torche, 2014), therefore we then check type in markets exchange between them cities.

record F cijkl = Equation dos + ? p = step one 2 ? p u pij + ? q = step 1 dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = 1 2 ? p you pij + ? c ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij

When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both u_pij and w_qij equal 0. u_pij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and w_qij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), u_pij equals 1 if k >p and w_qij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), u_pij equals 1 if l > p and w_qij equals 1 if k > q.

Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?_p and ?_q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Descriptive Overall performance

Detailed causes Desk step 1 tell you hukou locality pairings out of partners of the urban area. Within the Shanghai, regarding 47% out-of micro-census were developed ranging from two migrants; into the Shenzhen, you to commission are more than 70%. Regarding 38% of marriages on it a few regional spouses during the Shanghai, while 15% away from marriage ceremonies had a few local spouses from inside the Shenzhen. Demonstrably, people had a tendency to get married inside their hukou condition category in both places. In metropolises, marriage ceremonies ranging from a neighborhood husband and you can a good migrant wife have been far likely to be than simply marriages between an excellent migrant husband and you will a community wife to occur (13% versus. 3% during the Shanghai and you will 11% compared to. 4% into the Shenzhen). The brand new percentage of hukou locality homogamy is similar throughout the a couple of towns and cities. But really, you want to translate the outcome that have warning, as the share of migrants differs throughout these one or two cities. This new relative size of migrants and you will locals produces structural relationship ventures for folks to get potential partners and in the end ). Log-linear data lets us glance at the amount of hukou homogamy, web of your own compositional outcomes, from the controlling to have marginal withdrawals away from hukou updates.

Dining table 1.

I very first introduce the Kuuban newest withdrawals from degree attainment having migrant husbands, local husbands, migrant wives, and you can regional wives into the for every single urban area, correspondingly, in Shape step 1 . Typically, migrants try smaller knowledgeable than just locals, no matter what gender, in both Shanghai and Shenzhen. Certainly migrants, men are finest experienced than women in each other Shanghai and Shenzhen. Alternatively, certainly one of neighbors, the fresh gender pit for the training is actually sometimes short otherwise corrected: regional dudes typically are merely some greatest experienced than just its female equivalents in Shenzhen, and you may local female an average of be more educated than simply their male equivalents within the Shanghai. Log-linear patterns manage into knowledge inequalities anywhere between men and you may between locals and migrants to recapture the latest connections between spouses’ degree and you can between informative and you can hukou area assortative mating, net of the marginal distributions away from spouses’ qualities.